He was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776). Jefferson was one of the most influential Founding Fathers, known for his promotion of the ideals of republicanism in the United States. Jefferson envisioned America as the force behind a great "Empire of Liberty.” Jefferson was a man of the Enlightenment, he was also the founder of “University of Virginia.”

He served in government for three decades, twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He played an instrumental role in the creation of the modern Conservative Party after the Corn Laws schism of 1846. Before and during his political career, Disraeli was well-known as a literary and social figure, He mainly wrote romances, of which Sybil and Vivian Grey are perhaps the best-known today. He is exceptional among British Prime Ministers for having gained equal social and political renown.

He was the only Soviet leader to have been born after the October Revolution of 1917. In 1989, he became the first and only Soviet leader to visit China since the Sino-Soviet split in the 1960s. Gorbachev's attempts at reform as well as summit conferences with United States President Ronald Reagan and his reorientation of Soviet strategic aims contributed to the end of the Cold War, ended the political supremacy of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), and led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990.

He pioneered satyagraha—resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, a philosophy firmly founded upon ahimsa, or total nonviolence, which helped India to gain independence. He is officially honored in India as the Father of the Nation; On his birthday, it is celebrated worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence. Gandhi first employed civil disobedience while an expatriate lawyer in South Africa. Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women's rights, build religious and ethnic amity, end untouchability, and increase economic self-reliance. As a practitioner of ahimsa(non-violence), Gandhi swore to speak the truth and advocated that others do the same.

He successfully led his country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union and ending slavery. Lincoln had closely supervised the victorious war effort. Lincoln held a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to speedily reunite the nation through a policy of generous reconciliation. Lincoln has consistently been ranked by scholars as one of the greatest of all U.S. Presidents.

He was a German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party commonly known as the Nazi Party. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and, after 1934, also head of state, ruling the country as an absolute dictator. Hitler was the only man because of whom Germany got its dignity back.

Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist; Mandela led his party in the negotiations that led to multi-racial democracy in 1994. As president from 1994 to 1999, he frequently gave priority to reconciliation. He was the leader of ANC (African National Congress).Its main objective was to end the White people’s domination and create a multi-racial South Africa. He became a political icon. Mandela has received more than 250 awards over four decades, including the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. He continues to work tirelessly for those who need his help.

He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), and leader of the Fatah political party, which he founded in 1959. Arafat spent much of his life fighting against Israel in the name of Palestinian self-determination.

His role in the revolution and subsequent independence and formation of the United States was significant, and he is seen by Americans as the "Father of Our Country" Because of his strategy, Revolutionary forces captured the two main British combat armies at Saratoga and Yorktown. He sought to create a nation capable of sustaining peace with their neighboring countries. His unilateral Proclamation of Neutrality of 1793 provided a basis for avoiding any involvement in foreign conflicts Although never officially joining the Federalist Party, he supported its programs and was its inspirational leader.

She was India's first and to date, the only female prime minister. She is the world's all time longest serving female Prime Minister. Being the first woman Prime Minister of India, and an influential leader, in a prevalently male-dominated society, Indira Gandhi is a symbol of feminism in India. The Indira Awaas Yojana, a programme of the central government to provide low-cost housing to rural poor, is named after her. The international airport at New Delhi is named as the Indira Gandhi International Airport in her honor.

In August 1980 he was instrumental in negotiations that led to the ground-breaking Gdańsk Agreement between striking workers and the government, and he became a co-founder of the Solidarity trade-union movement. In 1990 he successfully ran for the newly re-established office of President of Poland. His international fame remains even now and he speaks and lectures in Poland and abroad on history and politics. Apart from his 1983 Nobel Peace Prize, Wałęsa has received many other international distinctions and awards. He has been named "Man of the Year" by Time Magazine (1981), The Financial Times (1980) and The Observer (1980).

The first President born in the 20th century, and the youngest elected to the office, at the age of 43. Kennedy is the first and only Catholic and the first Irish American president, and is the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize. Events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Space Race, the African American Civil Rights Movement and early stages of the Vietnam War.

On October 8, 2009, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. He is the first African American to hold the office.

Bhutto was the first woman elected to lead a Muslim state having twice been Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988–1990; 1993–1996). She was Pakistan's first and to date only female prime minister.

He has become an iconic figure in the history of American liberalism, best known for his dedication to civil rights. King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end racial segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other non-violent means. By the time of his death in 1968, he had refocused his efforts on ending poverty and stopping the Vietnam War.

He is one was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. Franklin earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity. Franklin honored on coinage and money; warships; the names of many towns, counties, educational institutions, namesakes, and companies; and more than two centuries after his death, countless cultural references.

His actions shaped European politics in the early
19th century. Bonaparte rose to prominence under the First French Republic and led successful campaigns. Napoleon's campaigns are studied at military academies the world over. he is also remembered for the establishment of the Napoleonic code, which laid the administrative and judicial foundations for much of Western Europe.